A variety of microfluidic devices are being investigated such as micro-pumps which are capable of pumping fluids and gases, micro-flowsensors and mixers. These devices can be integrated on a microfluidic circuit board to realise systems that are suitable for a range of biological and chemical applications. Examples include polymerese chain reaction chambers (PCR) for DNA amplification, fully automated DNA analysis systems, chemical synthesis reactors and micro-Total Analysis Systems.