Cogprints

Outstanding questions about phonological processing in dyslexia

Ramus, Franck (2001) Outstanding questions about phonological processing in dyslexia. [Preprint]

Warning

There is a more recent version of this eprint available. Click here to view it.

Full text available as:

[img] Postscript
149Kb

Abstract

It is widely accepted that developmental dyslexia results from some sort of phonological deficit. Yet, it can be argued that phonological representations and their processing have been insufficiently tested in dyslexia research. Firstly, claims about how tasks tap into certain kinds of representations or processes are best appreciated in the light of an explicit information-processing model. Here, a cognitive model of lexical access is described, incorporating speech perception, reading and object recognition. The model emphasises that phonological forms of lexical items are distinct from non-lexical phonological representations Secondly, phonology, as a linguistic discipline, teaches us that there is much more to it than phonemic categorisation and awareness. The phonological level of representation also embodies phonotactic regularities, patterns of phoneme assimilation and alternation, as well as supra-segmental knowledge pertaining to syllable structure, stress, intonation and rhythm. All those aspects are in part language-dependent, and therefore must be learnt by children in order to become proficient native speakers and listeners. If all levels of phonological representations were affected in dyslexia, dyslexic children would presumably have difficulties acquiring these aspects of their language. This prediction is as yet untested. A possible research agenda is outlined, aiming to provide a more comprehensive assessment of the phonological theory of dyslexia.

Item Type:Preprint
Keywords:developmental dyslexia; phonological processing; phonology; information-processing; modelling
Subjects:Psychology > Developmental Psychology
Linguistics > Phonology
Psychology > Psycholinguistics
ID Code:1765
Deposited By: Ramus, Dr Franck
Deposited On:24 Aug 2001
Last Modified:11 Mar 2011 08:54

Available Versions of this Item

References in Article

Select the SEEK icon to attempt to find the referenced article. If it does not appear to be in cogprints you will be forwarded to the paracite service. Poorly formated references will probably not work.

Brady, S., Shankweiler, D., & Mann, V. (1983). Speech perception and memory coding in relation to reading ability. J Exp Child Psychol, 35(2), 345-67.

Cappa, S. F., Nespor, M., Ielasi, W., & Miozzo, A. (1997). The representation of stress: evidence from an aphasic patient. Cognition, 65, 1-13.

Castles, A., & Coltheart, M. (1993). Varieties of developmental dyslexia. Cognition, 47(2), 149-180.

Charles-Luce, J., & Luce, P. A. (1990). Similarity neighbourhoods of words in young children's lexicons. J Child Lang, 17(1), 205-15.

Chomsky, N., & Halle, M. (1968). The sound pattern of English. New York: Harper and Row.

Christophe, A., Dupoux, E., Bertoncini, J., & Mehler, J. (1994). Do infants perceive word boundaries? An empirical study of the bootstrapping of lexical acquisition. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 95(3), 1570-1580.

Clements, G. N. (1999). Phonology. R. A. Wilson, & F. C. Keil (Eds), The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (pp. 639-641). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Coltheart, M. (1978). Lexical access in simple reading tasks. G. Underwood Strategies of Information Processing (pp. 151-216). London: Academic Press.

Coltheart, M., Rastle, K., Perry, C., Langdon, R., & Ziegler, J. (2001). DRC: a dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud. Psychol Rev, 108(1), 204-56.

Cornelissen, P. L., Hansen, P. C., Bradley, L., & Stein, J. F. (1996). Analysis of perceptual confusions between nine sets of consonant-vowel sounds in normal and dyslexic adults. Cognition, 59(3), 275-306.

Dell, G. S., Burger, L. K., & Svec, W. R. (1997). Language production and serial order: a functional analysis and a model. Psychol Rev, 104(1), 123-47.

Dresher, B. E., & Kaye, J. D. (1990). A computational learning model for metrical phonology. Cognition, 34(2), 137-95.

Dupoux, E., Kakehi, K., Hirose, Y., Pallier, C., & Mehler, J. (1999). Epenthetic vowels in Japanese: A perceptual illusion? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 25(6), 1568-1578.

Dupoux, E., Pallier, C., Sebastian, N., & Mehler, J. (1997). A destressing "deafness" in French? Journal of Memory and Language, 36, 406-421.

Eimas, P. D., Siqueland, E. R., Jusczyk, P. W., & Vigorito, J. (1971). Speech perception in infants. Science, 171, 303-306.

Elbro, C. (1996). Early linguistic abilities and reading development: A review and a hypothesis. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 8, 453-485.

Elbro, C., Nielsen, I., & Petersen, D. K. (1994). Dyslexia in adults: Evidence for deficits in nonword reading and in the phonological representation of lexical items. Annals of Dyslexia, 44, 205-226.

Gaskell, M. G., & Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (1996). Phonological variation and inference in lexical access. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 22(1), 144-58.

Harm, M. W., & Seidenberg, M. S. (1999). Phonology, reading acquisition, and dyslexia: insights from connectionist models. Psychol.Rev., 106(3), 491-528.

Hirsh-Pasek, K., Nelson, D. G. K., Jusczyk, P. W., Cassidy, K. W., Druss, B., & Kennedy, L. (1987). Clauses are perceptual units for young infants. Cognition, 26, 269-286.

Hohne, E. A., & Jusczyk, P. W. (1994). Two-month-old infants' sensitivity to allophonic differences. Perception & Psychophysics, 56(6), 613-623.

Hulme, C., Maughan, S., & Brown, G. D. A. (1991). Memory for familiar and unfamiliar words: Evidence for a long-term memory contribution to short-term memory span. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 685-701.

Itô, J., & Mester, A. (1995). Japanese phonology. J. Goldsmith (pp. 817-838). Oxford: Blackwell.

Jackendoff, R. (1997). The Architecture of the Language Faculty. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Jakobson, R. (1971). Selected writings, vol. 1: Phonological studies. The Hague: Mouton.

Jusczyk, P. W. (1997). The discovery of spoken language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Jusczyk, P. W., & Aslin, R. N. (1995). Infants' detection of the sound patterns of words in fluent speech. Cognitive Psychology, 29, 1-23.

Jusczyk, P. W., Friederici, A., Wessels, J., Svenkerud, V., & Jusczyk, A. (1993). Infants' sensitivity to the sound pattern of native language words. Journal of Memory and Language, 32, 402-420.

Jusczyk, P. W., Kemler-Nelson, D. G., Hirsh-Pasek, K., Kennedy, L., Woodward, A., Piwoz, J., & others. (1992). Perception of acoustic correlates of major phrasal units by young infants. Cognitive Psychology, 24, 252-293.

Jusczyk, P. W., Luce, P. A., & Charles-Luce, J. (1994). Infants' sensitivity to phonotactic patterns in the native language. Journal of Memory and Language, 33, 630-645.

Jusczyk, P. W. (1986). Towards a model for the development of speech perception. J. Perkell, & D. H. Klatt (Eds.), Invariance and variability in speech processes (pp. 1-19). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Jusczyk, P. W., Cutler, A., & Redanz, N. J. (1993). Infants' preference for the predominant stress patterns of English words. Child Development, 64, 675-687.

Jusczyk, P. W., Hohne, E. A., & Bauman, A. (in press). Infants' sensitivity to allophonic cues for word segmentation. Perception & Psychophysics.

Jusczyk, P. W., Houston, D. M., & Newsome, M. (1999). The beginnings of word segmentation in English-learning infants. Cognitive Psychology, 39(3/4), 159-207.

Kenstowicz, M. (1994). Phonology in Generative Grammar. Oxford: Blackwell.

Levelt, C., Schiller, N. O., & Levelt, W. J. M. (1999). A developmental grammar for syllable structure in the production of child language. Brain and Language, 68, 291-299.

Levelt, W. J., Roelofs, A., & Meyer, A. S. (1999). A theory of lexical access in speech production. Behav Brain Sci, 22(1), 1-38.

Levelt, W. J. M. (1989). Speaking: From Intention to Articulation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Liberman, A. M., & Mattingly, I. G. (1985). The motor theory of speech perception revised. Cognition, 21, 1-36.

Manis, F. R., Seidenberg, M. S., Doi, L. M., McBride-Chang, C., & Petersen, A. (1996). On the bases of two subtypes of developmental dyslexia. Cognition, 58(2), 157-95.

McClelland, J. L., & Elman, J. L. (1986). The TRACE model of speech perception. Cognitive Psychology, 18, 1-86.

McCrory, E. (2001). A neurocognitive investigation of phonological processing in dyslexia. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University College London, London.

Mody, M., Studdert-Kennedy, M., & Brady, S. (1997). Speech perception deficits in poor readers: auditory processing or phonological coding? J Exp Child Psychol, 64(2), 199-231.

Morgan, J. L. (1996). A rhythmic bias in preverbal speech segmentation. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 666-688.

Morton, J. (1969). The interaction of information in word recognition. Psychological Review, 76, 165-178.

Morton, J. (1980). The logogen model and orthographic structure. U. Frith (Ed.), Cognitive processes in spelling (pp. 117-133). London: Academic Press.

Nespor, M., & Vogel, I. (1986). Prosodic Phonology. Dordrecht: Foris.

Nicolson, R. I., & Fawcett, A. J. (1990). Automaticity: a new framework for dyslexia research? Cognition, 35(2), 159-182.

Norris, D., McQueen, J. M., & Cutler, A. (2000). Merging information in speech recognition: feedback is never necessary. Behav Brain Sci, 23(3), 299-325.

Plaut, D. C., McClelland, J. L., Seidenberg, M. S., & Patterson, K. (1996). Understanding normal and impaired word reading: computational principles in quasi-regular domains. Psychol.Rev., 103(1), 56-115.

Prince, A., & Smolensky, P. (1993). Optimality theory: Constraint interaction in generative grammar. (Report No. TR-2). New Brunswick: Rutgers University.

Richardson, U., Leppänen, P. H. T., Leiwo, M., & Lyytinen, H. (in press). Perception of Infants with High Genetic Risk for Dyslexia Differ already at the age of Six Months. Developmental Neuropsychology.

Rosen, S., & Manganari, E. (in press). Is there a relationship between speech

and nonspeech auditory processing in children with dyslexia? Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research.

Seymour, P. H. K. (1973). A model for reading, naming and comparison. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 35-49.

Snowling, M. J. (2000). Dyslexia (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.

Stager, C. L., & Werker, J. F. (1997). Infants listen for more phonetic detail in speech perception than in word-learning tasks. Nature, 388(6640), 381-2.

Stein, J., & Walsh, V. (1997). To see but not to read; the magnocellular theory of dyslexia. Trends Neurosci., 20(4), 147-152.

Tallal, P., Miller, S., & Fitch, R. H. (1993). Neurobiological basis of speech: a case for the preeminence of temporal processing. Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci., 682, 27-47.

Tesar, B., & Smolensky, P. (1998). Learnability in optimality theory. Linguistic Inquiry, 29(2), 229-268.

Vellutino, F. R. (1979). Dyslexia: Research and Theory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Walley, A. C. (1993). The role of vocabulary development in children's spoken word recognition and segmentation ability. Developmental Review, 13, 286-350.

Witton, C., Talcott, J. B., Hansen, P. C., Richardson, A. J., Griffiths, T. D., Rees, A., Stein, J. F., & Green, G. G. (1998). Sensitivity to dynamic auditory and visual stimuli predicts nonword reading ability in both dyslexic and normal readers. Curr Biol, 8(14), 791-7.

Witton, C., Talcott, J. B., Stoodley, C. J., Green, G. G. R., & Stein, J. F. (2001). Acoustic modulation detection and phonological skill. Proceedings of the 5th British Dyslexia Association International Conference, York, 18-21/04/01.

Wright, B. A., Lombardino, L. J., King, W. M., Puranik, C. S., Leonard, C. M., & Merzenich, M. M. (1997). Deficits in auditory temporal and spectral resolution in language- impaired children [see comments]. Nature, 387(6629), 176-178.

Metadata

Repository Staff Only: item control page

Cogprints is powered by EPrints 3 which is developed by the School of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton. More information and software credits.